Pharmacology & Toxicology – NIPER JEE
Pharmacology & Toxicology is one of the highest-scoring and most applied sections of NIPER JEE. Aspirants must master drug kinetics, receptor interactions, mechanisms of action, and toxicity principles. On ReadRife, we provide:
✅ Verified Syllabus (latest, 100% correct, error-free)
✅ MCQ Collections with detailed explanations
✅ Previous Year & Expected Questions
✅ Exam Strategy for Maximum Score
🔹 Verified Syllabus (Pharmacology & Toxicology – Detailed)
1. Pharmacokinetics (ADME)
- Absorption: passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, bioavailability factors
- Distribution: protein binding, tissue distribution, volume of distribution
- Metabolism: Phase I (oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis) & Phase II (glucuronidation, sulfation, acetylation, methylation)
- Elimination: renal excretion, biliary excretion, clearance concepts
- Half-life & kinetics (zero-order, first-order, Michaelis–Menten)
2. Pharmacodynamics
- Dose-response relationship (graded & quantal)
- Potency, efficacy, therapeutic index, safety margin
- Receptor theories: lock & key, induced fit, signal transduction pathways
- Agonists, antagonists, partial agonists, inverse agonists
3. Drug Metabolism & Enzyme Kinetics
- Cytochrome P450 system
- Enzyme induction & inhibition
- Prodrugs and bioactivation pathways
4. Drug Interactions & Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs)
- Pharmacokinetic vs pharmacodynamic interactions
- Idiosyncratic & allergic reactions
- Classification of ADRs (Type A–F)
- Drug safety monitoring (pharmacovigilance)
5. Mechanism of Action of Common Drug Classes
- Antihypertensives: ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers
- Antibiotics: beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones
- Analgesics: opioids, NSAIDs
- Anticancer agents: alkylating agents, antimetabolites, targeted therapies
6. Receptor–Ligand Interactions
- G-protein coupled receptors
- Ion channel-linked receptors
- Enzyme-linked receptors
- Nuclear receptors
7. Pharmacological Screening Methods
- In vivo vs in vitro studies
- Preclinical models for CNS, CVS, endocrine system, etc.
- Dose selection & interpretation of pharmacological results
8. Toxicology
- Principles of toxicology
- Acute, sub-acute, chronic toxicity studies
- Organ-specific toxicities (hepatic, renal, cardiac, CNS)
- Teratogenicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity tests
- Antidotes for common poisonings
9. Neuropharmacology
- CNS stimulants (amphetamines, methylxanthines)
- CNS depressants (barbiturates, benzodiazepines, anesthetics)
- Psychotropic drugs (antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers)
- Drugs of abuse and dependence
🔹 MCQ Collection (Sample)
Question: Which phase of drug metabolism is primarily responsible for conjugation reactions?
a) Phase I – Oxidation
b) Phase I – Reduction
c) Phase II – Conjugation
d) Phase I – Hydrolysis
Answer: c) Phase II – Conjugation
Explanation: 📌 Phase II metabolism (conjugation reactions) involves glucuronidation, sulfation, acetylation, and methylation, making drugs more water-soluble for elimination. Phase I mainly includes oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis. ✅
Time Limit: 60 seconds
Question: Which receptor is primarily targeted by benzodiazepines?
a) NMDA receptor
b) GABA-A receptor
c) Dopamine D2 receptor
d) Serotonin 5-HT2 receptor
Answer: b) GABA-A receptor
Explanation: ✅ Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA at the GABA-A receptor, producing anxiolytic, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant effects.
Time Limit: 55 seconds
🔹 Preparation Strategy
📢 Tips to Crack Pharmacology & Toxicology in NIPER JEE:
- Focus on drug mechanisms & receptor pharmacology – most tested.
- Revise toxicology principles and common antidotes.
- Practice drug metabolism & enzyme kinetics MCQs daily.
- Attempt topic-wise mocks and analyze mistakes.
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